Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technology that can capture up to 90% of the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions produced from the use of fossil fuels in electricity generation and industrial processes, preventing the CO2 from entering the atmosphere. The captured CO2 is then transported and stored underground.

The CCS process involves three main steps:

Capture: The CO2 is separated from other gases produced by power generation or industrial processes. There are several methods for capturing CO2, including post-combustion capture, pre-combustion capture, and oxyfuel combustion.

Transport: After capture, the CO2 is compressed and transported via pipelines, ships, or trucks to a storage site.

Storage: The CO2 is injected deep underground into geological formations for permanent storage. These formations are typically several kilometers below the surface and are chosen for their ability to securely contain the CO2.

CCS can significantly reduce emissions from fossil fuel-based power generation and industrial processes. It can also be combined with bioenergy (BECCS) to create a net negative emissions technology, which actually removes CO2 from the atmosphere. However, CCS is not yet widely deployed due to its high cost and the need for suitable storage sites.